Characteristics of Textura

Photo: German blackletter typefaces

• Tall, narrow letters, as compared to Carolingian.
• Letters formed by sharp, straight, angular lines. A visible high degree of "breaking" (lines that do not connect with each other).
• Ascenders (in letters such as b, d, h) are vertical and ofte in sharp finials
• When a letter with a bow (in b, d, p, q) is followed by another letter with a bow, the bows overlap and the letters are joined by a straight line.
• A related characteristic is the half r, the shape of r when attached to other letters with bows; only the bow and tail were written, connected to the bow of the previous letter. In other scripts, this only occured in a ligature with the letter o.
• Similarly related is the form of the letter d when followed by a letter with a bow; its ascender is then curved to the left, like the uncial d. Otherwise the ascender is vertical.
• The letters g, j, p, q, y, and the hook of h have descenders, but no other letters are written below the line.
• The letter a has a straight back stroke, and the top look eventually became closed, somewhat resembling the number 8. The letter s often has a diagonal line connecting its two bows, also somewhat resembling an 8, but the long s is frequently used in the middle of words.
• Minims, especially in the later period of the script, do not connect with each other. This makes it very difficult to distinguish i, u, m, and n. In black letter this would look like a series of single strokes. Dotted i and the letter j developed because of this. Minims may also have finials of there own.

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